Abstract Fruit juices are on the rise, due to the search new mixes, flavors and nutritional value. This research investigated the acceptance and sensory profile of mixed juices. Sixteen (16) mixed juices with caja, umbu, cocoa and mango flavors were studied, using acceptance and check-all-that-apply (CATA) tests in different cities (n = 226). Juices A1 and D1 had the highest scores in Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil (respectively, 7.15 and 6.91). Differently from Salvador-BA, Brazil, where the highest scores were D2 (6.76) and D3 (6.71). Using CATA, it was shown that customers in the Southern Region characterized samples differently from customers in the Northeastern Region, and the correspondence analysis, showed that consumers in Porto Alegre-RS presented different attributes than those in Salvador-BA, with respect to mixed juices and their acceptance. It is suggested the validity of the consumer data in the characterization of the sensory parameters of the mixed juices and that the familiarity with the fruit flavors interfered in the acceptance of the same.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta de Hanseniaspora opuntiae (Ho41) e H. guilliermondii (Hg43) ao estresse etanólico, observando a ultraestrutura e o perfil de expressão proteica em concentrações crescentes de etanol. A ultraestrutura foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e a expressão proteica, pelo perfil eletroforético (SDS-PAGE). Na análise microscópica, as cepas em meio Yeast Malt Agar sem etanol mostraram células jovens com morfologia apiculada, brotamento bilateral e polos distais côncavos. Com o início do estresse, a 3% de etanol, as células apresentaram múltiplas cicatrizes em forma de anéis e, com 6%, alterações na integridade da parede celular, plasmólise e ativação da autólise. Na análise eletroforética, observou-se, tanto para Ho41 quanto para Hg43, aumento na expressão de um peptídeo de 100 kDa, com aumento do etanol no meio, indicando ser uma proteína de choque térmico (HSP). As HSPs vêm sendo patenteadas como marcadores de organismos de interesse biotecnológico, já que as condições necessárias para obtenção de bioprodutos muitas vezes requerem cultivo sob estresse. Neste contexto, esta proteína pode ser indicada como marcador molecular para bioprospecção ou melhoramento genético de cepas não-saccharomyces mais resistentes aos processos de fermentação, na fabricação de vinhos.

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of Hanseniaspora opuntiae (Ho 41) and H. guilliermondii (Hg 43) to ethanol stress, analyzing the ultrastructures and protein expression profiles under increasing ethanol concentrations. The ultrastructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the protein expression from the electrophoretic profiles (SDS-PAGE). In the microscopic analyses, the strains cultivated in Yeast Malt Agar without ethanol showed young cells with apiculate morphology, bilateral budding and concave distal poles. At the start of stress, in the presence of 3% ethanol, the cells showed multiple scars in the form of rings, and with 6% ethanol they presented changes in cell wall integrity, plasmolysis and the activation of cell autolysis. In the electrophoretic analyses of both Ho 41 and Hg 43, an increase in the expression of a 100 kDa peptide was noted with increasing ethanol in the media, indicating that this was a heat shock protein (HSP). The HSPs have been patented as markers for organisms of biotechnological interest since the conditions necessary to obtain bioproducts often require cultivation under stress. Thus this protein could be indicated as a molecular marker for the bio-prospection or genetic enhancement of non-saccharomyces strains more resistant to the fermentation process used in winemaking.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of Flash Profiling (FP) and Ranking Descriptive Analysis (RDA) methods regarding sensory characterization using star fruit-flavored drink as matrix. Sample A was used as a standard. Other three samples were prepared based on sample A, by adding sugar, citric acid, carboxymethylcellulose or dye. The same panel (twelve assessors) was used to carry out FP and, subsequently, RDA analysis. The qualitative training stage used in RDA method showed no difference regarding the assessors’ performance and panel consensus compared to FP. Both methods were efficient and discriminated samples in a similar way and in agreement with the physicochemical characterization. However, astringent and bitter aftertaste attributes were additionally used in sample description by RDA. The latter attribute was also relevant for samples discrimination in RDA. FP application was simpler and faster, mainly regarding time spent by the assessors; however, RDA provided more comprehensive description of samples.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e caracterizar geleias de umbu-cajá, convencional (com sacarose) e dietética (com xilitol), a partir dos genótipos Suprema e Preciosa. As formulações foram elaboradas com a proporção 1:1, de polpa mais açúcar ou polpa mais xilitol, com 0,5% de pectina e teor final de sólidos solúveis entre 62 e 65 °Brix. As geleias foram analisadas em relação às suas características físico-químicas (pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais, umidade e cor instrumental) e sensoriais (teste de aceitação, preferência e intenção de compra). O teste de aceitação foi realizado por 73 consumidores, por meio de escala hedônica de 9 pontos, avaliando-se os atributos cor, aroma, sabor e textura. As geleias elaboradas com sacarose apresentaram características físico-químicas semelhantes às geleias dietéticas, exceto os teores de açúcares totais que foram inferiores no produto dietético. A geleia convencional, elaborada com o genótipo Suprema, foi preferida para os atributos aroma, sabor e textura, enquanto a geleia convencional, elaborada com o genótipo Preciosa, foi preferida para os atributos cor, aroma e textura. As geleias dietéticas, elaboradas com os dois genótipos, foram as menos preferidas, mas apresentaram índices de aceitação acima de 60%, o que demonstra o potencial dessas geleias para atender públicos específicos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate conventional (with sucrose) and dietetics (with xylitol) jam of umbu-caja, from the varieties Suprema and Preciosa. The formulations were prepared with pulp more sugar (1:1) or xylitol more pulp (1:1), both with 0.5% pectin. The final content of soluble solids ranged from 62-65 °Brix. The jams were analyzed in relation to physico-chemical (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total sugars, moisture, and instrumental color) and sensorial characteristics (acceptability test and purchase intention). Acceptability test was performed by 73 consumers using a 9-point hedonic scale, evaluating the attributes: appearance, color, aroma, flavor and texture. Jams prepared with sucrose showed physicochemical characteristics similar to dietary jams, except the levels of total sugars which were lower in the dietetic product. The jam made with conventional genotype Supreme was preferred for flavor, taste and texture, while the conventional jam prepared with genotype Preciosa was preferred for the attributes color, aroma and texture. The dietary jellies prepared with the two genotypes were less preferred, but had acceptance rates above 60%, which demonstrates the potential of these jams to meet specific audiences.

Mixed flavor beverages represent a trend that is gaining the allegiance of potential fruit juice consumers. The present study proposed to prepare mixed flavor beverages and verify their consumer acceptance. Cajá beverage (sample A) was used as the standard. The other beverages were prepared by mixing the cajá-flavored product with other flavors: strawberry (B), pineapple (C), jabuticaba (D), mango (E) and cashew (F). The consumer profiles in the two regions studied were similar. Overall beverages B, A and F were the most accepted, with scores of 7.7, 6.4 and 6.2, respectively. Internal Preference Mapping showed that most of the consumers were located near beverages A, B and F, confirming the acceptance results. The consumers indicated appearance and flavor as the most appreciated characteristics in beverages A, B and F. Beverages A, B and F presented higher total soluble solids contents and viscosities than the other beverages. Consumer segmentation did not depend on the different levels of familiarity with the cajá flavor. Thus the preparation of mixed flavor beverages of cajá-strawberry and cajá-cashew is an excellent proposal because it presents flavors with good potential for marketing in different regions of Brazil.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a concentração de compostos voláteis nos mostos de uva Chardonnay e Pinot Noir fermentados pela Pichia membranaefaciens, como também analisar as fases de crescimento da levedura durante a fermentação a 15 e 20 °C. Compostos voláteis majoritários da fermentação como: etanol, acetato de etila, acetato de isoamila, acetaldeido, 1-propanol, isobutanol e álcool isoamílico foram isolados e quantificados pelo sistema de "Purge and Trap". A fermentação conduzida a 15 °C mostrou ser mais adequada na produção de acetato de etila, com valores inferiores a 200 mg.L-1 (131,3 e 147,0 mg.L-1) nos mostos Pinot Noir e Chardonnay, respectivamente, enquanto que a 20 °C a produção foi de 286,0 e 270,0 mg.L-1 nos mostos Pinot Noir e Chardonnay, respectivamente.

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of volatile compounds in Chardonnay and Pinot Noir grape musts. The study also aims to analyze yeast growth phases during fermentation at 15 and 20 °C. Major volatile compounds of fermentation such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, 3-methyl butanol and 2-methyl butanol were isolated and quantified using the Purge and Trap system. Fermentation carried out at 15 °C was more appropriate in the production of ethyl acetate (131.3 and 147.0 mg.L-1 in the Pinot Noir and Chardonnay musts, respectively), whilst at 20 °C the production was of 286.0 and 270.0 mg.L-1 in the Pinot Noir and Chardonnay musts respectively.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento do crescimento, bem como a produção de compostos voláteis durante a fermentação de mosto de uva pelas leveduras Kloeckera apiculata e Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As concentrações dos compostos voláteis majoritários da fermentação foram dependentes da temperatura de fermentação. Nas fermentações a 20°C, as concentrações da massa celular seca e dos compostos voláteis foram maiores do que na fermentação a 15°C. A Kloeckera apiculata produziu altas concentrações de acetato de etila (197,0mg/L - 310,0mg/L) e acetato de isoamila (19,3mg/L - 31,3mg/L), ésteres de grande importância sensorial. No entanto, a concentração de etanol obtida foi baixa, cerca de 6,3g/L - 24,0g/L, em comparação à conseguida utilizando Saccharomyces cerevisiae como agente de fermentação (27,3g/L - 34,0g/L).

The objective of this work was to study the growth behavior, as well as, volatile compounds production during grape must fermentation by Kloeckera apiculata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The concentrations of the major volatile compounds during the fermentation were dependent of the temperature of the fermentation. In fermentation at 20°C, the concentration of the dry weight biomass and volatile compounds were greater than that ones at 15°C. The Kloeckera apiculata produced high concentrations of the ethyl acetate (197.0mg/L - 310.0mg/L) and isoamyl acetate (19.3mg/L - 31.3mg/L), esters of great sensory importance. However, the ethanol concentration obtained was lower, about 6.3g/L - 24.0g/L, than that one obtained with fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (27.3g/L - 34.0g/L).